Transmission mechanism for motor-vehicles.



l APPLICATION FILED NOV, 3, 1910.

Patented Oat. 19, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

NNI..

A. LOOIVIIS.

TRANSMISSION'MECHANISM FOR MOTOR-VEHICLES.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. a, |910.

Patented Oct. 19,1915.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2 s MM COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPII co,. WASHINGTON. n. cy

ALLEN LoolvLlS, lor DETRoiT, memes-N, essicfnen no PA-GKARD-1vroToR'cAR'coMrANY, y l QF DETROIT, Mien-16AM A eon'onnon OFiMIcHeAN.'

". rnansivrissionnon, Moron-VEHICLES.

.1/ o all 'wh/0m t may concern:

Beit known that I, VAnnmirfLooM1s,"al

citizen of the United States, and resident of Detroit, Vayne county, State of Michigan,

Motor-Vehicles, of which the'vfolloWing-'is a-v specification. Y y

Ths invention vrelates to 'transmission mechanismVV for motor vehicles andV particularly to the change speed. gearing usually# 4employed between the motor andA rear axle of a motor vehicle.

In'the construction of the modern auto- 1 y section on' the line 3 8 of Fig.v l'g'and'rFig, 4";

mobile one of the chief considerations' is quietness of. the operating parts, and one" of. the inostitroublesome partsfin this respect` is the gear box. To attain quietness" of vheveland spur gears it isfabsolutely' 'neci-l essai-y7 in addition tohaving the gears Vcut correctly, to have them mounted-in Aperfect yalinement andin bearings that permit' of practically no play. It is, of course; impossible to produce' 'abearing that has absolutely no play, so that it becomes theraim of every designer to so placeh-is bearings and' gea-rs that the play in the bearings will produce the v least amount of play in `the gears, that i`s, he Works to eliminate magnifying the Vplay as is the case Where a gear is mounted onl one end of a shaft and the shaft j lis supported on a pair of bearings both of Anyy which are separated from the gear. radial thrust on the' gear then causesplayof the shaft several'itimes" that ofthe combined play in the tivo bearings, depending' lofY`the'rebyfbeeor'ne as an integral part'fof thel u cajsliigi Thisarrangement is such` that the W7Siteseeing"members' 13, 14; may be mai-f' course upon the distance 'the gearisset from its nearest bearing and the distance the bearings are separated from each other. It is also desirable te have evei-'yannlafr a 1,theieffo're'`be'- true .fas nearly as it is possible-fv i to make [themV -tvith accurate' machining.

bearing set directly in theA casing or other supporting structure, vor .in other Wor'ds,1t

second' shaft mounted in the casing. In this latterl structure'fthe gearsH'a-'re subjected to the Combined' play of the twobearings. ,l It

' is undesirable also to mount the outer ring of van annular ball bearing ina vcollar screwed dinto-the .casing for the reason that A it is iinpossible'to" thread the necessary large opening and the collar accurately enough to Specification of Letters ',Patent.4 Application'nieeNovember 3, 191e.v l Y, serial No. ceases.'

' chined' out te receive the "bearings lof the 'meta/l of' theV cas-ing 10 securely locks the Patented Oct. 19g1915.

give good results# Thecutting die vvillfrequently find' one side softer than the V'other andthe result is an eccentric bearing.

'The 'present invention is designed to 0vercome the'- various-1objectionable features out 'lined above,- andt'he structure by Which the objectsof the invention a'reobtain'ed will be describedinccnnectionwith the accompanying drawings, in'whichf' Y i Ff'gure l 'is :horizontal sectionall View through "a 'motor' vehicle l transmission* mechanism. lwith the f'dierential casing" in: plan; Fig. Q' is a transverse section on thev liney 2"-1-21' ofi Fig: 11; Fig.` 8 is transverse" is a fragmentarv Y Viewl showing theV gears! of Fig 1 in direct driving position.

the-malin s'upportingstnucture orv casingfof the transmission; mechanism, Which casing"` is tubular in forni andprovided adjacentits ends withA transverse Vi'vafllsfll and 12, which Walls'feiln-supports for the bearings of the changespeed' gearing Y Q a f i Cast 'or otherwisej'rigidly securedin thevv Wall/s1 V111', 12,*` are steel supporting members 13, le; o'f-Av S-sha-pei the twol annular :openi ings in each of thesefsupports'being [ma- 80 change speedgearing as Will be more fully l he'reilnaftci;` "described-i As Vshown, these Y supporting' members arez provided with integral deve` tails 15 whereby the cast Supporting' members" ijn place-and they;

chinedafterA the casing; .10" has beenv made and the,r 'openings'y fr the bearings will This'constructiiifpermits vof using alumi- "195' Illini for the part. of casing with` eil' metal siiclif'assteel for the bearing supper members: v`

Th-Casing lOis fermedivith'open 'ends 1651@ the former is'fclosedbyfa'remov# -able cover- 18 in which is afbearing 19 ce?" axial with one of'tlieb-penings in the sup?v portingfmember 13,' The rear end 17 of the casing 'is' @lesen-'by the dierentalcasirg 19, which latter casing has laterally extending sleeves 20 forming the stationary rear axle or jack shaft of the motor vehicle. rlhe axle sections 21 extend into this casing and are suitably connected with the differ-- ential gearing 22, upon the housing 23 of which is secured the bevel driving gear 24. The differential housing may be supported in bearings in lugs 25 extending rearwardly from the casing 10 thereby insuring proper alinementwith the bearings of the change speed gearing. lt will be understood that the casing 10 isprovided with a suitable detachable cover 26 in the upper wall thereof for assembling and removing the gears and shafts arranged between the walls 11,12.

Arranged to mesh with the gear 24 is a driving pinion 27 secured on the end of the driven sha-ft 28 which shaft is supported in an annular ball bearing 29, the outer ring 30 of which rests directly in one of the openings in the supporting member 14, and an annular ball Vbearing 31, the outer ring 32 of which rests directly in the supporting member 18, as will be clearly seen from the drawings. IThe inner ring of the bearing 81 may rest upon an integral part of the shaft 28, which part would preferably be in the form of a flange, or an annulus 33 may be secured to the end of the shaft 28, as

\ by pressing it thereon so that it will turn with the shaft, for the purpose of seating the vbearing 31. lt'will be understood that in the event the annulus 33 is formed integral with the shaft 28, the other end of the shaft will be machined small enough to permit the sliding gears, hereinafter referred to, to be assembled from that end. The annular bearing 29 is retained in place by a ring 84 threaded into the member 14 and a thrust bearing is also retained thereby for the purpose of taking the end thrust of the pinion 27. 1t will thus be seen that the driven shaft 28 upon which the driving pinion 27 is mounted, is supported in comparatively widely separated bearings of ample vsize directly in the walls of the casing 10, vthe bearings resting in the steel supporting members 13, 14, which are machined true in the casing. Perfect alinement is thereby secured and the least amount of play possible is allowed the pinion 27.

Between its supporting bearings the shaft 28 is preferably squared or otherwise provided with key-ways and upon this part of the shaft isa shiftable member 36 having a squared opening whereby it is caused to tu rn with the shaft 28 and permitted toslide thereon. On the member 86 are mounted gears 37 Aand 38 which are adapted to mesh respectively and at different times with gears 39 and 40 on the countershaft 41. The member 36 is also provided on its forward end with jaws 42 which are adapted to eX- tend through openings 43 formed in line porting members 13, 14, and on the forward end of this shaft which projects I through the wall 11 is a gear 46 which meshes constantly with a gear 47 on the driving shaft 48. The countershaft is retained aga-inst endwise movement by securing the inner race of the bearing .44 between a flange 49 and the gear 46 on the countershaft and securing the outer race between a shoulder on the supporting member 18 and a ring 50 threaded into said supporting member. rlhus it will be seen that the bearings 44, 45, of the countershaft are also supported directly in the lmembers 13,14, similar to the method of supporting the shaft 28.

The driving shaft 48 with the universal joint 51 on its forward end is supported in the bearing 19 heretofore referred to and in a bearing 52 in thesupporting member 18. As heretofore suggested, this shaft 48 is in direct alinement with the shaft 28, and besides having the gear 47 keyed thereon it is also provided with clutching jaws which are shown extending into an annular recess 54 formed inthe annulus 33, thus arrangine` the jaws adjacent the openings 4?) in said annulus. l/Vith this arrangement of bearings it will be seen that the driving shaft 48 and thedriven shaft 28 are supported independently of each other and the bearings for both shafts are sufficiently separated to insure proper alinement, the bearings for the shaft 48 being mounted in the casino' on opposite sides of the constant'mesh gear 47, and one of them being between said gear and the clutching jaws 58.

From the above it will be observed tint the sliding member 36 may be moved to the left to mesh the gear 38 with the gear 4() whereby the shaft 28 will be driventhrough gears 47, 4G, 40 and 38 at a considerably reduced speed; that the sliding member 86 l may be moved to the right to mesh the gear 37V with the gear 89 whereby they shaft 48 will drive the shaft 28 through gears 47 4?-, 39 and 37 at a lesser reduced speed; and that the sliding member 36 may be movedfarther tc the right so that the gears 37 and 38 are out of mesh and the jaws 42 extend through the openings 48 and engage the clutching jaws 53 of the shaft 48'within the bearing 31, whereby the shaft 28 is directly driven bv the shaft 48 and the countershaft 41 runs idle. lt will beunderstood that the member 35 may be Vmoved to its various positions by suitable connections, not shown.-

A reverse gear 55 is shown in dotted lines and is arranged to be moved to position te simultaneously mesh with the gears 38 and 40 when these gears are in the neutral position shown in the drawing, thereby driving the Yshaft 28 at a reduced Speed in the relitt I my invention',

' counteishaf-t mounted in theta-sing, gears shafts when said sliding connecting said shafts and includingysliding gears adapted to move into and out of mesh, and means for directly connecting said alined shafts.

2. In a transmission mechanism for mo-` tor vehicles, the combination .of acasing having transverse end `Walls and a transverse intermediate` Wall,- alineddriving and driven shafts mounted independently in bearings in the end Walls and intermedia-te jivall, a counter-shaft mounted in the casing,

gears connecting said shafts and including sliding gears adapted tov move into and out of mesh, and means shiftable with saidz sliding gears for directly connecting` saidalined gearsare. out of mesh.-v

3.` Ina transmission mechanism'fo-r motor vehicles, the. combina-tion of a casingl having. transverse end Walls and a transverse inten mediate Wall, alined driving and driven shafts mounted independently in bearings in the end Walls and intermediate Wall, a" counter-shaftmounted in thecasing, gears connecting said shafts and including sliding. gears adapted tov move into and out of mesh, and a clutch operated by saidslidi'ng gears for connecting said alined shafts for direct drive ofso-ne by the other. .Y v

In a transmission mechanismfor motor vehicles, the combination with a! driving shaft, an alined driven shaft, a shiftable member on the driven shaft adapted to conneet vsaid shafts for direct transmission, a bevel pinion on said driven shaft",` and a bevel` gear in mesh therewith, of a. casingV for the gearing, and bearings in thecasing" for said driven shaft on either side of said shiftable member; i 1

5f. Inra' transmission mechanism' for motor vehicles,the combination With a casing'of'a driving shaft in said casing adjacent one end thereof, an alined driven shaft, a shift--k able member on the driven shaft adapted'to connect said shafts for direct transmission;l 'a bevel pinion on said driven shaft, bevel gear in mesh therewith, and lbear-'ings in the casing for said driven. shaft on either side of said shiftable member.

vehicles, the combination with a casing,fof gearing mountedtherein comprising a. bevel pinion, a bevel gear meshing therewith, 'a

vgear'shaft,upon Which said pinion issecured,v

. sliding gears` on said gear shaft, a driving shaft-siii? said casing alinedzivith said gear shaft,:a Adirect 'drive clutch between said shafts and bearings in the casing for said `,f ggear. YShaft on either sideA .ofA 4said sliding geavrsahf* `z .In atrarlsmission mechanism for motor vehicles-.fthe combination' WithV a driving shaft,l ari-alinedv driven shaftif'means for directly connecting'. and ,disconnecting lsaid shafts.,l and a counter shaft,.f ;of constantly meshing gears on the driving and counter shafts, a second gear on'the counter-shaft, a sliding vgear on;v the driven shaftadapted to mesh with said. second gea-ir,v and: a bearing at each end of the'driven shaft' independent of the driving shaft.- Y Y i 8;' Iniaftransmission mechanism for motor vehicles, the combination with a driving shaft,.a`n alined driven-shafameans for directly' H connecting and ;jdiscoi'inecting said shaftsfand- `a countery shaft.,v of constantly meshing gea-'rs onthe' driving and counter shafts, a second gear; on the counter-shaft, a sliding gear on the. driven shaftadapted' to mesh With-said second gear, and abearingl forV the end of thed-riven shaft adjacent;` the 1 i driving shaft butindependent thereof.- f

9. In a transmission: mechanism for motor vehicles, the combination with ai casing having se iacratedf transverse Walls therein, of alined driving and driven shafts', a countershaft-,gears on the.y shafts, bearings inthe i.

casing Walls supporting both ends of the the driving shaft, and means for` connecting the alined shaftsftordrive direct l0. In a transmissionmechanism for motor vehicles, the combination With a casing havingV transverse Walls and. an end cover, `of change speed gearing in the casing comprising alined driving and kdriven shafts, gears driven and-counter shafts independentlylof on said shafts, bearings for said shafts in i said casing Walls and cover, the bearings of each shaftbeing mounted inthe casing independently ofthosev ofthe other shaft, andmeans for connecting thel'aline'd shafts to drive direct.` Y

11. In' a transmissionmechanism for motor iisv vehicles,l the .combination With a casing hav.`

ing bearing supportingivvalls, of alined driving and driven shafts anda countery shaft,

gears on the shafts,bearings in the casing l lWalls for supporting independently the adjacent ends vofthe Valined shafts, and means forv connecting'V the alined shafts for direct.

drive from one to the other.

l2. In av transmission ymechanism for motor vehicles, the combination-With a driving shaft, and a pairof lseparated bearings for the driven shaft', one of the bearings Jof one `of said shafts being mounted adjacent, lbut shaft, a driven shaft alined therewith, lal '1 6. Ina transmission mechanism for 'motor pair of separated bearings 'for the driving independently of, one of the vbearings of the other shaft, of a casing, means in the casing for supporting said bearings, and means for connecting the shafts for direct drive.

13. In a transmission mechanism for motor vehicles, the combination with a casing hav'- ing bearing supporting walls, of alined driving and driven shafts and a counter shaft, gears on the shafts, bearings in the casing walls for directly supporting both ends of the alined shafts, and means for connecting the alined shafts for direct drive from-one to the other.V

14. In a transmission mechanism for motor vehicles, the combination with a casing having bearing supporting walls, of alined driving and driven shafts and a counter shaft, gears on the shafts, bearings in the casing walls for supporting the remote ends of the alined shafts, bearings for directly and independently supporting the adjacent ends of the alined shafts, and a clutch operating within said latter bearings for directly connecting the alined shafts.

15. In a transmission mechanism for motor vehicles, the combination with a driving shaft, a driven shaft alined therewith, a counter shaft, gears on said shafts, and bearings for said shafts, of a bearing supporting member arranged. to independently support one of the bearings for each of said shafts, and means for directly connecting said alined shafts.

16. In a transmission mechanism for motor vehicles, the combination with a driving shaft, a driven shaft alined therewith, a counter shaft, and gears and bearings for said shafts, of a bearing supporting member arranged to support one of the bearings for each of said shafts, another' supporting member arranged to support a bearing for the driven shaft and a bearing for the counter shaft, means for directly connecting the alined shafts, and a casing containing said supporting members.

17. In a transmission mechanism for motorl vehicles, the combination with a driving shaft having clutching jaws, and a driven shaft alined therewith, a bearing annulus at one end of said driven shaft and having openings longitudinally of the shafts, of a shiftable member keyed to said driven shaft and having jaws adapted to extend through said openings and clutch with said clutching jaws on the driving'shaft.

18. In a transmission mechanism for motor vehicles, the combination with a driving shaft having clutching jaws, a pair of separated bearings therefor, a driven shaft alined therewith, an annulus at one end of said driven shaft and having openings longitudinally of the shafts, and a pair of separated bearings for said driven shaft, one of which bearings is seated upon said annulus, of a shiftable member keyed to said driven shaft and having jaws adapted to extend through said openings and clutch with said clutching jaws on the driving shaft.

19. In a transmission mechanism for motor vehicles, the combination with two alined shafts, an annulus on one of said shafts provided with an opening longitudinally of the shafts, and bearings for said shafts including a bearing seated on said annulus, of a shiftable member on one of said shafts having a jaw adapted to extend through said opening, and a aw on said other shaft adapted to be clutched by said first jaw.

20. In a transmission mechanism for motor vehicles, the combination of a driving shaft, an alined driven shaft, said shafts being arranged with adjacent ends, supporting bearings for each of said shafts, one of said bearings being arranged adjacent said ends, and a direct driveclutch adapted to connect said shafts, said clutch engaging within said adjacent bearing.

21. In a transmission mechanism for motor vehicles, the combination with a casing having bearing supporting walls, of alined driving and driven shafts'having adjacent ends, bearings in the casing walls for supporting the adjacent end of one of the alined shafts, a clutch operating within said latter bearings for directly connecting the said alined shafts, and bearings for the adjacent end of the other of said alined shafts.

22. In a transmission mechanism for motor vehicles, the combination with a casing, a driving shaft, an alined driven shaft, means for connecting and disconnecting said shafts, a countershaft and constantly meshing gears on the driving'and countershafts, of bearings for said driving shaft mounted in said casing on opposite sides of said constantly meshing gear on said driving shaft, said bearings being mounted independently of said driven shaft, and bearings in the casing for both ends of the driven shaft.

23. In a transmission mechanism for motor vehicles, the combination of a constant-mesh gear shaft, a .shaft alined therewith and supported independently thereof, and a countershaft, constant mesh gears on said constant mesh gear shaft and said counter shaft, relatively sliding gears on said alined shaft and said counter shaft, a direct drive clutch for connecting said constant-mesh gear shaft and said alined shaft, and a supporting bearing for said contant mesh-gear shaft between its constant mesh gear and said clutch.

24C. In a transmission mechanism for motor vehicles, the combination of a constant-mesh gear shaft, a shaft alined therewith and supported independently thereof, and a countershaft, constant mesh gears on said constant-mesh gear shaft and said counter shaft, relatively sliding gears on said alined shaft and said counter shaft, a direct drive In testimony'whereof I affix my signature clutch for connecting Said constantmesh in presence of tWo Witnesses. v

gear shaft and said alined shaft, andv a'sup- 'ALLEN LOOMIS. porting bearing for said constantmesh gear Witnesses: Y shaft on either side of l its constant mesh GRACE G. L00M1s,

gear. Em'risrV HECKMANN.

Copies o f this patent may be obtained for vfive cents each, by addressing thev Commissioner of Patents,

` Washington, D. C. 

